absolute magnitude absolute zero absorption lines accretion disks active galactic nuclei active galaxies active nucleus angstroms arc minutes arc seconds arms asteroids aurora background radiation barred galaxy barred spiral galaxy Big Bang binary system black dwarf black holes blackbody radiation blueshifted bremsstrahlung radiation carbon monoxide cD galaxies cepheid Variables cluster of galaxies comets cosmic rays disk galaxies Doppler shift dust dust lanes dwarf irregular galaxy E2 elliptical electromagnetic radiation electrons elliptical galaxies emission lines emissions false color image far infrared frequency galactic disk galaxies galaxy cluster gamma rays gas globular cluster H alpha transition H I H II regions heavy elements helium hydrogen hydrogen gas infrared infrared emission infrared light infrared radiation infrared wavelengths intergalactic gas intergalactic medium interstellar dust interstellar gas interstellar material interstellar medium interstellar winds inverse Compton emission ionization ionized Irregular barred irregular clusters irregular galaxy Irregular spiral jets Kelvin lanes lenticular light light curve light years Local Group Local Supercluster luminosity magnetic fields magnitudes mass microwave microwave background radiation millimeter mixed spiral galaxy nebulae neutral hydrogen neutron stars nonthermal emissions nuclear fusion nuclei open cluster optical light optical wavelengths peculiar galaxy photons plasma plerion polarized position progenitor star protons protostars pulsars quasars radiation radiation pressure radio emission radio galaxies radio jets radio radiation radio wavelengths red giant stars red giants red supergiant redshifted remnant RR Lyrae variables S(B)c S0 galaxies S0 galaxy Sa Sb galaxy Sb spiral galaxy SBb galaxy SBb spiral galaxy SBcd Sc type galaxy Sd type spiral galaxy Seyfert galaxies shock front singly ionized solar masses solar system solar winds spectral lines spectrographic analysis spectroscopic spectroscopy spectrum speed of light spiral arms spiral galaxies star clusters starbursts stellar winds superclusters supergiants supernova remnants supernovae surface brightness synchrotron emission synchrotron radiation T Tauri stars thermal thermal emission thermal radiation thermonuclear fusion type "c" spiral Type I supernova Type II supernova ultraviolet light ultraviolet radiation un-ionized Van Allen belts variable stars visible light wavelengths white dwarfs x-ray emission x-ray radiation x-ray wavelengths